Selenium是一种自动化测试工具，可以模拟人来操作浏览器，执行效率有时候还不如人快，因为需要浏览器页面加载完成才能操作，对网速要求严格，可以用于重复性的操作。

本次将基于java / testNG-selenium-chrom-chromWebDriver+Allure架构进行展示
涉及功能
- 常用工具类（窗口截图，当前时间，获取指定长度随机字符串，获取指定长度随机数字）
- 登陆场景（数据驱动测试DDT，断言）
- 用户管理（增加，删除，更改，查询）
- 生成报告
数据驱动测试使用TestNg的DataProvider注解实现
定位元素使用了隐式等待，在限定时间内没有加载出来脚本会报错执行，可在此处进行异常捕获
setUp中打开浏览器，afterTest中退出浏览器
每个测试方法需要加上Test注解（TestNg提供）
加sleep是为了能够捕获到期望的截图，否则跳转太快

Selenium环境搭建

环境声明

本机环境软件名称	版本号
电脑环境	Mac M1 Arm64
Chrom版本	版本 108.0.5359.124 (arm64)
ChromWebDriver 版本	108.0.5359.71（前三个数字和chrom版本对应即可）
本机Selenium版本	4.6
本机Allure版本	2.20.1
JDK环境	1.8_u201

环境搭建步骤

下载driver；

根据chrom版本号，下载chromwebDriver驱动, 并将驱动放到/usr/local/bin目录（本机安装环境是Mac m1 所以选择的是arm64）

如果是windows或者linux环境需要设置驱动路径

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\webDriver\\chromedriver.exe");// chromedriver服务地址
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); // 新建一个WebDriver 的对象，但是new 的是谷歌的驱动

2.安装selenium

1.通过jar包方式安装

1.下载Selenium相应版本号的selenium-server-版本号.jar 文件

2.打开idea，导入jar包

idea-File-Project Structure-Modules-Dependencies 点击+ 号，将selenium-server-版本号.Jar包导入

2. 通过Maven安装

1. 打开pom.xml 配置Selenium

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
   <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
   <version>3.4.0</version>
</dependency>

2.POM配置项


<dependencies>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
        <version>2.6</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
        <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
        <version>6.10</version>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.qameta.allure</groupId>
        <artifactId>allure-testng</artifactId>
        <version>2.20.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
        <version>1.9.6</version>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.20</version>
            <configuration>
                <argLine>
                    -javaagent:"${settings.localRepository}/org/aspectj/aspectjweaver/1.9.6/aspectjweaver-1.9.6.jar"
                </argLine>
            </configuration>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
                    <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
                    <version>1.9.6</version>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

3.简单Demo测试启动

新建java类，编写启动chrome浏览器代码

package com.ad4test.browser;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class Browser {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
  driver.get("http://www.baidu.com");
 }
}

结合具体场景设计测试用例Demo

Login Testcases

使用DataProvider注解进行数据驱动测试，四个测试用例，根据参数数量决定用例执行次数

package com.ad4test.browser;

import com.ad4test.util.GetCurrentDate;
import com.ad4test.util.WindowUtil;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import io.qameta.allure.Feature;

public class testLogin {

 @DataProvider(name="testdata")
 public Object[][] TestDataFeed(){

  Object [][] loginData=new Object[4][2]; // define 4 users

  //1st user,incorrect username passwd
  loginData[0][0]="ad4c.test04";
  loginData[0][1]="*^%$%^&";

  //2nd user, correct username and pwd
  loginData[1][0]="ad4c.test04";
  loginData[1][1]="Test@04.";

  //3rd, empty username and pwd
  loginData[2][0]="";
  loginData[2][1]="";

  //4th,correct username and incorrect pwd
  loginData[3][0]="ad4c.test04";
  loginData[3][1]="#$%^&*";

  return loginData;

 }

 @Test(dataProvider = "testdata",description = " login-cases")
 @Feature("LoginTestCase")
 public void TestLogin(String username, String password) throws InterruptedException {
  // get driver
  WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
  driver.manage().window().maximize();

  // open window
  driver.get("https://ad4cloud-web.lotuscars.com.cn/dev/cloud-admin#/login");

  // get elements
  WebElement userNameInput = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div/div/div/div[2]/form/div[3]/div/div/input"));
  WebElement passwordInput = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div/div/div/div[2]/form/div[4]/div/div/input"));
  WebElement loginButton = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div/div/div/div[2]/form/button/span"));

  // input data
  userNameInput.sendKeys(username);
  passwordInput.sendKeys(password);
  loginButton.click();
  Thread.sleep(1500);
  try{
   // assert login success or not
   WebElement loginSuccessUsername = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div/span/div[2]/span"));
   String loginedUsername = loginSuccessUsername.getText();
   Assert.assertEquals(loginedUsername.toLowerCase(),username.toLowerCase());
   Thread.sleep(1000);
   WindowUtil.get_screen_shot(driver, GetCurrentDate.getCurrentDateSys()+"_loginSuccess.png");
  }catch (Exception ex){
   WindowUtil.get_screen_shot(driver, GetCurrentDate.getCurrentDateSys()+"_loginFailed.png");
  }finally {
   driver.quit();
  }

 }

User Management Testcases

使用BeforeTest注解，进行测试的setUp操作，打开浏览器
AfterTest注解进行TearDown操作，quit退出浏览器（close是关闭，后台会继续运行，不是退出）
测试依赖使用Test注解中的dependsOnMethods属性，标注依赖哪个测试方法将执行在前
Test注解中priority属性可以调整测试方法的执行顺序，TestNg默认priority 为0

package com.ad4test.browser;
import com.ad4test.util.GetCurrentDate;
import com.ad4test.util.SysUtil;
import com.ad4test.util.WindowUtil;
import io.qameta.allure.Feature;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterTest;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class testUserEdit {
     WebDriver driver;
     String inputUserName=SysUtil.getRandomString(4)+"_Tstr";
    @BeforeTest
    public void setUp() {
        // get driver
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
    }
    @AfterTest
    public void afterTest() {
        // quit driver
        driver.quit();
    }
    @Test(description = "SystemUserLogin desc")
    @Feature("Login")
    public void commonLogin() throws InterruptedException {
        // open window
        driver.get("https://URL/dev/cloud-admin#/login");
        // get elements
        WebElement userNameInput = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div/div/div/div[2]/form/div[3]/div/div/input"));
        WebElement passwordInput = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div/div/div/div[2]/form/div[4]/div/div/input"));
        WebElement loginButton = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div/div/div/div[2]/form/button/span"));
        String username="ad4c.test04";
        String pwd="Test@04.";
        // input data
        userNameInput.sendKeys(username);
        passwordInput.sendKeys(pwd);
        loginButton.click();
        WindowUtil.get_screen_shot(driver, GetCurrentDate.getCurrentDateSys() + "userEditLogin.png");
        try {
            WebElement loginSuccessUsername = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div/span/div[2]/span"));
            String loginedUsername = loginSuccessUsername.getText();
            Assert.assertEquals(loginedUsername.toLowerCase(), username.toLowerCase());
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            WindowUtil.get_screen_shot(driver, GetCurrentDate.getCurrentDateSys() + "_exception.png");
        }
        Assert.assertEquals(1,1);
    }
    @Test(dependsOnMethods = {"commonLogin"},description = "createUser desc")
    @Feature("CreateUser")
    public void createUser() throws InterruptedException {
        // check if login success or not
        WebElement loginedSystemButton = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div/div/div/div[3]/div"));
        loginedSystemButton.click();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        WindowUtil.get_screen_shot(driver, GetCurrentDate.getCurrentDateSys() + "JumpToSystemPage.png");
        // click add user button
        WebElement addUserButton = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[5]/div[1]/table/thead/tr/th[9]/div/button"));
        addUserButton.click();
        // fill in the blank,username phone number ,name
        WebElement inputUsernameE = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[3]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div/div/input"));
        inputUsernameE.sendKeys(inputUserName);
        WebElement inputPhoneNum = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[3]/div/div[2]/form/div[2]/div/div/input"));
        inputPhoneNum.sendKeys("182"+SysUtil.getRandomNum(8));
        WebElement inputName = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[3]/div/div[2]/form/div[3]/div/div/input"));
        inputName.sendKeys(SysUtil.getRandomString(4)+"_Tsr");
        // click dept option element
        WebElement selectDept = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[3]/div/div[2]/form/div[5]/div/div/div[1]/input"));
        selectDept.click();
        WebElement selectedDept = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[4]/div[1]/div/div[1]/ul/li/span"));
        selectedDept.click();
        WebElement selectDeptAd4 = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[4]/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/ul/li[2]"));
        selectDeptAd4.click();
        // click selectRole element
        WebElement selectRole = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[3]/div/div[2]/form/div[7]/div/div/div[2]"));
        selectRole.click();
        WebElement selectedRoleUser = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[5]/div[1]/div[1]/ul/li[2]"));
        selectedRoleUser.click();
        WindowUtil.get_screen_shot(driver, GetCurrentDate.getCurrentDateSys() + "_InputUserInfo.png");
        // submit data
        WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[3]/div/div[3]/span/button[2]"));
        submitButton.click();
        Assert.assertEquals(1,1);
    }
    @Test(dependsOnMethods = {"createUser"},description = "SelectUser desc")
    @Feature("SelectCreatedUser")
    public void selectUser() throws InterruptedException {
        // select by created username
        WebElement inputSelectByUserName = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[1]/div[3]/input"));
        inputSelectByUserName.sendKeys(inputUserName);
        WebElement searchButton = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[1]/button"));
        searchButton.click();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        WindowUtil.get_screen_shot(driver, GetCurrentDate.getCurrentDateSys() + "_SelectByUserName.png");
        Assert.assertEquals(1,1);
    }
    @Test(dependsOnMethods = {"selectUser"},description = "ModifyCreatedUserStatus desc")
    @Feature("ModifyUserStatus")
    public void modifyStatus() throws InterruptedException {
        // modify by created username
        WebElement statusButton = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[3]/table/tbody/tr/td[8]/div/div/span"));
        statusButton.click();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        WindowUtil.get_screen_shot(driver, GetCurrentDate.getCurrentDateSys() + "_modifyStatus_off.png");
        statusButton.click();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        WindowUtil.get_screen_shot(driver, GetCurrentDate.getCurrentDateSys() + "_modifyStatus_on.png");
        Assert.assertEquals(1,1);
    }
    @Test(dependsOnMethods = {"modifyStatus"},description = "ModifyUserInfo desc")
    @Feature("ModifyUserInfo")
    public void modifyUserInfo() throws InterruptedException {
        inputUserName+="0";
        // click edit button
        WebElement editButton = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[5]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr/td[9]/div/button[1]"));
        editButton.click();
        // edit user info ,phone username sex
        WebElement phoneNumberInput = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[4]/div/div[2]/form/div[2]/div/div/input"));
        phoneNumberInput.clear();
        phoneNumberInput.sendKeys("188"+SysUtil.getRandomNum(4)+"0110");
        WebElement modifyNameInput = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[4]/div/div[2]/form/div[3]/div/div/input"));
        modifyNameInput.clear();
        modifyNameInput.sendKeys(inputUserName);
        WebElement modifySexInput = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[4]/div/div[2]/form/div[6]/div/div/label[2]/span[1]/span"));
        modifySexInput.click();
        Thread.sleep(500);
        WindowUtil.get_screen_shot(driver, GetCurrentDate.getCurrentDateSys() + "_modifyInfo.png");
        //submit
        WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[4]/div/div[3]/span/button[2]"));
        submitButton.click();
        System.out.println("modified username --> "+inputUserName);
        driver.navigate().refresh();
        Thread.sleep(1500);
        WindowUtil.get_screen_shot(driver, GetCurrentDate.getCurrentDateSys() + "_modifiedAndRefreshed.png");
        Assert.assertEquals(1,1);
    }
    @Test(priority = 10,description = "DeleteCreatedUser desc")
    @Feature("DeleteCreatedUser")
    public void deleteCreatedUser() throws InterruptedException {
        // select by created username
        WebElement selectUser = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[1]/div[3]/input"));
        selectUser.sendKeys(inputUserName);
        System.out.println("search inputUsername--- "+inputUserName);
        WebElement searchButton = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[1]/button"));
        searchButton.click();
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        //delete user
        WebElement deleteButton = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[5]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr/td[9]/div/button[2]"));
        deleteButton.click();
        WebElement deleteButtonVerify = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/button[2]"));
        Thread.sleep(500);
        WindowUtil.get_screen_shot(driver, GetCurrentDate.getCurrentDateSys() + "_deleteUser.png");
        deleteButtonVerify.click();
        driver.navigate().refresh();
        // select by created username
        WebElement selectDeletedUser = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[1]/div[3]/input"));
        selectDeletedUser.clear();
        selectDeletedUser.sendKeys(inputUserName);
        WebElement searchButton1 = driver.findElement(new By.ByXPath("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/section/div/div[1]/button"));
        searchButton1.click();
        Thread.sleep(500);
        WindowUtil.get_screen_shot(driver, GetCurrentDate.getCurrentDateSys() + "_searchDeletedUser.png");
        Assert.assertEquals(1,1);
    }
}

生成报告

点击测试之后会自动在根目录生成测试数据，在Terminal中使用如下命令，就会在根目录下生成html报告。

注意：

pom中的allure版本，需要和本机中安装的allure对应，否则可能会存在版本冲突问题（不要用2.13版本）

 allure generate allure-results -o allure-html-report

Allure html报告截图

Peter

TestNg+Selenium+Chrom+Allure自动化Demo